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unit 31

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ONLY NUMERICAL SOLVING NEEDED AND NO NEED OF REPORT OR PLAGIRSM CHECK ou are to produce a written report about thermodynamic systems, which:a) explains the fundamental parameters of thermodynamics and thermodynamic process parameters,b) explains the need for different types of temperature scale, andc) evaluates the polytropic processes, explaining the relationships between parameters and what the results from relevant and accurate calculations.To do this.You are provide with a range of thermodynamic parameters to research and investigate, along with gases to consider when carrying out calculations to an appropriate degree of accuracy and using appropriate units throughout. Your report should contain: ·        Explain of the differences between sensible heat, latent heat, including latent heat of fusion and latent heat of vaporisation and relationship between temperature at constant pressure or volume during expansion and/or compression.·        Calculations of the values and explanations of the significance of the answers:-      Thermal energy of gas A–      Thermal power of gas A.·        Explanations for why different temperature scales are needed, and why conversions are carried out between the scales. You then need to:·        Complete the following calculations, using the data provided for Gas B, for three different polytropic processes:1) A piston contains M1 kg of air at temperature T1 and pressure P1. The air is heated to 1200°K while being kept at a constant volume of 5 litres. Calculate the mass and pressure of the air following heating. Assume the gas constant for air is287 Jkg-1K-12) A cylinder contains a gas at temperature T2 and pressure P2. It is then cooled to 100°C when the pressure is 1.2 MPa. Find the polytropic process index value(n) for the gas3) A gas is stored in a cylinder that has a volume of V3 litres. The gas is stored at temperature T3 and pressure P3. The gas is then released into the air. Calculate the final temperature of the gas and the polytropic process index value ‘n’ of the gas. You need to then produce an evaluation of these polytropic processes, explaining the relationships between parameters and what the results of the calculations show in terms of the impact and operation of the thermodynamic system.Variables for Thermal Energy and Power CalculationsGas A

LearnerMass (kg)(m)Temperature change (ºC)(ΔT)Heat capacity (J/kgºC(c)Time (s)(t)
10.1251.045

Variables for Polytropic Process CalculationsGas B

LearnerM1 (kg)T1 (ºC)P1 (kPa)T2 (ºF)P2 (MPa)V3 (l)T3 (K)P3 (MPa)
10.1525150250253004

la B

You are now to produce a written report which:a) explores given applications of open- and closed-loop thermodynamic systems,b) applies the laws of thermodynamics to calculate work done, thermal energy transfer and system efficiencies for given thermodynamic systems, andc) evaluates the laws of thermodynamics and how these are applied to the given thermodynamic systems. To do this.Your tutor will provide you with examples of open-loop and closed-loop thermodynamic systems that you are to research and investigate, along with suitable data that will allow you to carry out calculations to an appropriate degree of accuracy and using appropriate units throughout. Your report should contain:·        research into your given applications of thermodynamic systems and identify the similarities and differences between the open- and closed-loop systems.·        calculations to determine the values of (using the data provided for both a Stirling engine and a heat exchanger):a.    work done in the systemb.    output energy from the systemc.    energy losses from the systemd.    overall system efficiencye.    Overall thermal energy transfer.Using the results of your calculations you then need to produce a balanced evaluation of how the First and Second Law of Thermodynamics are applied to your given open- and closed-loop thermodynamic systems.You should:a) consider the interrelationships of the thermodynamic principles and parameters which act on the two systems,b) consider the advantages and disadvantages of the two different types of systemc) explain the significance of energy losses on the efficiencies of your given systems, referring to your calculations, andd) provide a suitable conclusion.Data for a closed thermodynamic system (Sterling Engine)Assume a specific gas constant of 2077 Jkg-1K-1 a mass of 1kg and cv=717 Jkg-1K-1

LearnerHeat energyinput (Qin) (J)Temperature (K)Volume (m3)
Cold  (K)Hot  (K)Maximum (Vmax)Minimum  (Vmin)(m3)
130003735000.40.2

 

Data for an open thermodynamic system (air cooled heat exchanger):Assume the output from the open system is venting in to the atmosphere.

LearnerHeat energyinput (Qin) (J)Temperature (K)Exchanger Volume (m3)Heat transfer coefficient (U)(Wm-2K-1)
ColdHot
16002734500.2230
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